352: WAHHABISM – WHAT it is, and HOW and WHERE it came from

24 August, 2008

WAHHABISM: WHAT it is, and HOW and WHERE it came from

Wahhabism: Arabic: Al-Wahhābīyya الوهابية is a conservative reformist call of Sunni Islam attributed to Muhammad Ibn Abdul-Wahhab an 18th century scholar from what is today known as Saudi Arabia, who advocated a return to the practices of the first three generations of Islamic history.

Wahhabism is the dominant form of Islam in Saudi Arabia and Qatar, and popular in Kuwait, Egypt, UAE, Bahrain, Morocco, Algeria and Mauritania; it is often referred to as a sect or branch of Islam, even though both its supporters and opponents reject such designations. It has developed considerable influence in the Moslem world through generous funding of mosques, schools and other means from Persian Gulf oil wealth.

The primary doctrine of Wahhabism is Tawhid, or the uniqueness and unity of God. Ibn Abdul-Wahhab was influenced by the writings of Ibn Taymiyya and questioned medieval interpretations of Islam and claimed to rely on the Qur’an and the Hadith; he preached against perceived moral decline and political weaknesses in the Arabian Peninsula and condemned idolatry, the popular cult of saints, and shrine and tomb visitations.

Taqī Al-Dīn Abu El Abbās Ahmad Ibn Abdul-Halīm Ibn Abd Al-Salām Ibn Taymiya Al-Harrānī: Arabic: تقي الدين أبو العباس أحمد بن عبد السلام بن عبد الله ابن تيمية الحراني (1263 – 1328), was a Sunni Islamic scholar born in Harran, located in what is now Turkey, close to the Syrian border. He lived during the troubled times of the Mongol invasions. As a member of the school founded by Ibn Hanbal, he sought the return of Islam to its sources or roots, the Qur'an and the Sunnah.

Ahmed Ibn Hanbal: Arabic: ‏‎‎‎‎‎‎‎‎أحمد بن حنبل‏‎‎‎‏‎‎‎ ‎‎‎‎‎‎‎ Ahmad Bin Hanbal: 780-855AD, 164 - 241AH was an important Moslem scholar and theologian of Persian background ^[6] He is considered the founder of the Hanbali school of fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence). His full name was Ahmad Bin Muhammad Bin Hanbal Abu Abdallah Al-Shaybani.

The term Wahhabi or Wahhābīya was first used by opponents of Ibn Abdul Wahhab. It is considered derogatory by the people it is used to describe, who prefer to be called Unitarians or Muwahiddun.

The terms Wahhabism and Salafism are often used interchangeably, but Wahhabism has also been called a particular orientation within Salafism – an orientation some consider ultra-conservative – extremely in favour of preserving the status quo and traditional values and customs, and against change.

Salafi: Arabic: سلفي predecessors or early generations, is a Sunni Islamic school of thought that takes the pious ancestors Salaf of the patristic period of early Islam as exemplary models. Early usage of the term appears in the book Al-Ansab by Abu Saad Abd al-Kareem al-Samaani who died in the year 1166, 562 Islamic. Under the entry for the ascription Al-Salafi he stated: This is an ascription to the salaf, or the predecessors, and the adopting of their school of thought based upon what I have heard. He then mentions an example or more, of people who were utilizing this ascription in his time. An even earlier ascription of the term Salaf was used by the Prophet Muhammad who noted: I am the best Salaf for you.

Salafis view the first three generations of Moslems who, during his lifetime, had been the Prophet Muhammad's companions and the two succeeding generations after them: the Tabi‘in and the Taba‘ Al-Tabi‘in, as examples of how Islam should be practiced. This principle is derived from the following Sunni hadith by the Prophet Muhammad:

The people of my generation are the best, then those who follow them, and then those who follow the latter – the first three generations of Moslems.

The principal tenet of Salafism is that Islam was perfect and complete during the days of the Prophet Muhammad and his companions, but that undesirable innovations have been added over the later centuries due to materialist and cultural influences. Salafism seeks to revive a practice of Islam that more closely resembles the religion during the time of Muhammad. Salafism has also been described as a simplified version of Islam, in which adherents follow a few commands and practices.

Salafism is often used interchangeably with Wahhabism. Adherents usually reject this term because it is considered derogatory and because they believe that Muhammad Ibn Abdul-Wahhab did not establish a new school of thought nor self-describe them as such. Adherents used terms like Muwahidoon, or Ahel Hadith, or Ahel Al-Tawheed.

Muhammad Ibn Abdul-Wahhab Al-Tamimi' (1703–1792): Arabic: محمد بن عبد الوهاب التميمي) was an Arab, born in Najd, in present-day Saudi Arabia, and an influential person. Despite never specifically calling for a separate school of Islamic thought, it is from Ibn Abdul Wahhab that the western world derived the term Wahhabism.

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